American Heritage MagazineJuly/August 1990    Volume 41, Issue 5
MY BRUSH WITH HISTORY
BY THE READERS

 
The Flight of the ‘Vin Fiz’

The year was 1911, and I was fourteen, just emerging from a wonderful boyhood in Sheepshead Bay, New York. Even though Sheepshead Bay was part of Brooklyn, it was so rural in those days it might as well have been Kansas. At the time, we were living in a farmhouse on the estate of a millionaire horse breeder named James Ben AIi Haggin. Lucky for me, the house was right across the road from the racetrack of the Coney Island Jockey Club.

A few years before, Charles Evans Hughes, the governor of New York, had abolished betting at racetracks throughout the state. As a result the racetrack in Sheepshead Bay lay idle. However, it soon became an ideal flying field for America’s pioneer pilots. Aviation was just beginning to attract public interest, and fliers like the Wright brothers and Glenn Curtiss were being taken seriously.

Curtiss regularly brought groups of student pilots to the racetrack to practice and stage exhibitions. Other fliers who appeared there from time to time were Clifford B. Harmon, a New York real estate magnate who flew a huge French-made Farman biplane, and Lawrence Sperry, whose father, Elmer, invented the gyroscopic compass and later founded the company that would become Sperry-Rand.

For boys like myself all this activity was a magnet, and we haunted the place whenever we were free from chores at home. We considered it an honor to run errands and do other little jobs for these glamorous “bird-men.” To be able to touch an “aeroplane” was awesome to us.

At any rate, on the hazy Sunday morning of September 17, 1911, I had just returned from Mass with my family at St. Mark’s Roman Catholic Church in Sheepshead Bay when I learned from some of my chums that the daredevil aviator Calbraith Perry Rodgers had arrived at the track with his specially built open-seat Wright biplane. What’s more, Rodgers, a rangy motorcycle racer with only sixty hours of flying experience, was about to attempt to fly across the country in fewer than thirty days in a bid for a fifty-thousand-dollar prize put up by the newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst. When I heard the news I ran over to the track to join a group of locals who had already gathered around Rodgers and his plane.

The sponsor of the flight was Armour & Company, the large Chicago meat-packing firm, which was promoting a new soft drink called Vin Fiz. Accordingly, painted on the underside of the lower wing of Rodgers’s plane were a bunch of Concord grapes and the words Vin Fiz.

For the next two hours the plane was readied. The fuel tank, which was suspended from the upper wing, was filled with naphtha. (All it took was ten gallons.) The thirty-five-horsepower engine was tuned; the twin wooden propellers were checked. Meanwhile, we boys, feeling very important, hustled around, bringing funnels, stepladders, rags, and wrenches and other tools.

Finally, Rodgers, a tall rawboned chap who was always chomping on a cigar, climbed into the pilot’s seat. He never fastened his seat belt because he had none. The props were spun, and Rodgers revved his engine. Meanwhile, I and five or six others held the struts on the lower wing to restrain the plane until Rodgers could generate enough power to take off. Suddenly Rodgers waved his arm. We let go. And this flimsy contrivance of spruce wood, piano wire, fabric, and hardware-store fasteners jolted, rattled, and buzzed its way down the field. After only a couple hundred yards, with us running in gleeful pursuit, Rodgers became airborne.

That Rodgers took off so quickly was no surprise, because his biplane was, in effect, little more than a box kite with a motor. His “instrumentation” consisted of his wife Mabel’s corset lace dangling from a crosswire. By watching its drift he could tell which way he was turning or whether he was rising or falling.

All along Rodgers’s route people waited in suspense, cheering him wherever and whenever he landed. Following the courageous flier across the country was an Armour-financed three-car train equipped with a workshop, stocked with four thousand dollars’ worth of spare parts, and carrying his wife, mother, and mechanics.

Finally, on November 5, 1911, after forty-nine days and nineteen crackups, Rodgers reached Pasadena, California. He had failed to win the Hearst prize, but that did not deter a crowd of twenty thousand from hailing the successful completion of the flight and draping the airman with a flag.

During the 4,231-mile journey, Rodgers made more than eighty stops, twenty-five in Texas alone, logging only eighty-two hours and four minutes in the air. And because of all the crashes, the plane that finally touched down in Pasadena was almost completely different from the one that I’d watched lift off from the field in Sheepshead Bay. In fact, at journey’s end, only the rudder and a single strut of the original frame remained.

Five months later, during an exhibition, Rodgers crashed once again—this time in the Pacific—and was killed.

More than half a century later, in May 1965, the Vin Fiz and I were reunited at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where my picture was snapped standing next to this restored relic of both my happy boyhood and aviation history. At the time, the Vin Fiz sparkled with a new coat of aluminum paint. The paint’s metallic gleam not only made the Vin Fiz look a lot more substantial than it really was but also reminded me that I too had become silver with time.

—Edward A. Lynch lives in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.


 
Advice for MacArthur

It was June 1950. I was assistant secretary of the general staff at General MacArthur’s headquarters in Tokyo. I was a lowly captain surrounded by platoons of colonels and generals, and my grandiose title masked a job as “gofer,” or extra aide to the chief of staff.

The sudden North Korean invasion of South Korea came as a total surprise to the staff of the Far East Command. The inability of the South Korean army to hold ground was a grave disappointment. We needed the time they were supposed to buy and didn’t.

The first week was all improvisation. The chief of staff’s office became an impromptu war room. We broke out some maps of the area of conflict and began to post them in approved World War II style. Information from Korea, mostly relayed by radio, was skimpy and ambiguous. But it was clear that the South Koreans were being whipped.

General MacArthur maintained a remote and imperial peace in an office adjoining our own with only a small conference room between. We got fleeting glimpses of him as he strode for the elevator, a vigorous figure indeed, royal in demeanor.

Down below, at the entrance to the Dai Ichi building, even five years after the war’s end, there were always spectators gathered on the curb to see him enter a limousine for the short drive to his home at the former American Embassy. The Japanese bowed to him as to their own emperor.

The prime minister of Japan (I believe it was Shigeru Yoshida at the time) was received by the general, not the other way around. I would go down the back elevator, meet His Excellency, and escort him to a dim quasi-Victorian parlor adjoining the office of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. There he would wait to be received.

My brush with history was my only direct encounter with General MacArthur. It was shortly after the Korean War began. My boss, the chief of staff, seldom left the headquarters before the commander in chief, but on this evening he had a diplomatic reception (He handled all obligatory social functions himself; the MacArthurs never went to parties of any kind.)

In the empty and quiet office, I was sifting through the confused and barely coherent messages from Korea. As I began to post the situation map, there was the sound of a connecting door opening, but I assumed it was the night cleanup crew in the conference room. In a moment I became aware of another person behind me, a face looking over my shoulder, in fact. I turned to see the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.

“Good evening, sir,” I managed in my best Henry Aldrich voice.

“How’s it going, Jones?” he asked. His voice was smooth and pleasing, if somewhat theatrical in timbre.

Good Lord, I thought, he knows my name. He was good at putting peons like myself at ease.

I gave him a short briefing, in which there was not a shred of good news.

“What do you think we ought to do?” he asked.

At this point I lost my opportunity to influence the course of history. Of course nobody in the headquarters knew what to do, least of all I.

“Sir,” I croaked, “we’re outmanned. What we need are ten thousand riflemen—fast.”

This was just a slice of the conventional wisdom I had picked up from the staff. I was perfectly secure in telling him something he was hearing from everybody else.

The general did not reply to this mushy advice.

“No need to call the chief,” he remarked. “I’ll see him tomorrow.” He left with a slow, quiet, and dignified gait, closing his door softly.

Later I was to be a fly on the wall at numerous historic conferences, including a full-bore session with the Joint Chiefs of Staff at which was formulated the strategy to turn the war around. At one point I was even appointed escort officer to Gen. Omar Bradley.

In time I was to go to Korea myself, but no other experience dwells in memory as vividly as my short encounter with that magisterial personage. He was, I thought, an eighteenth-century leader, a reincarnation of Prince Eugène of Savoy or his like, transplanted to our time and not really feeling at home here.

My friends told me that if I had switched the subject to baseball, the general would have sat down and chatted. Unfortunately I knew even less about baseball than I did about how to win the war.

— Lloyd E. Jones lives in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.



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