Robert L. Vargas
Robert L. Vargas is a free-lance writer living in El Paso, Texas, Roth the author and the editors of AMERICAN HERITAGE wish to thank C. Bradford Milchell, former Director of Information for the American Merchant Marine Institute, for his technical advice and editorial assistance in the preparation of the article.
For further rending: The Battle of the Atlantic, September 1939-May 1943 , by Samuel Eliot Morison (Little, Brown, 1947); Sea War: The Story of the U.S. Merchant Marine in World War II , by Felix Riesenberg, Jr. (Rinehart, 1956); “The Story of the Stephen Hopkins,” by John Bunker, in U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings , November, 1954.
Articles by this Contributor
December 1969
Outgunned by the Nazi raider, the Stephen Hopkins could have struck her colors. Instead she elected to fight

American Heritage is proud to host the
National Portal to
Historic Collections
Recently added:
- American Revolution Center
- National Museum of Civil War Medicine
- National Museum of the U.S. Navy
- Manassas National Battlefield
- Maryland State House
In association with the
American Association for State and Local History
Why do we need a national nonprofit membership society for American history?
-
“Save America’s Treasures” has been totally eliminated—the largest Federal program supporting preservation of such treasures as the original Star Spangled Banner and George Washington’s tent.
-
65% of Americans don’t know what happened at the Constitutional Convention, according to a recent survey by Newsweek.
-
The “Teaching American History” grants—the largest Federal program supporting history education—have been completely eliminated.
-
Visits to the Top 20 Civil War battlefields have dropped in half from 1970 to 2009 according to official National Park Service statistics.
-
40% of Americans can’t identify whom we fought in World War II, according to a recent survey by Newsweek.
-
A quarter of Americans believe Congress shares power over U.S. foreign policy with the United Nations, according to a recent Annenberg survey.
-
“There is little that is more important for an American citizen to know than the history and traditions of his country,” John F. Kennedy wrote in American Heritage.
-
The “We the People Program,” which touched some 30 million students and 90,000 teachers over 25 years, has been completely eliminated.
-
Two-thirds of Americans could not correctly name Yorktown as the last major military action of the American Revolution, according to a recent national Gallup survey.
-
The National Heritage Areas and Scenic Byways program, the only major Federal program encouraging visits to historic places, has been completely eliminated in Congressional committee.




