On November 4, after nearly seven months on the trail, the Bidwell-Bartleson caravan crossed the Stanislaus River and reached Mount Diablo, fifty miles from San Francisco, becoming the first train of Western emigrants to enter the new California Territory.
The party, led by John Bartleson and Paul Geddes, had left Sapling Grove, Missouri (now Kansas), in the spring and joined forces with the missionary Father Pierre Jean De Smet and several Jesuit priests. Bartleson’s group hoped to establish homesteads and live in the perpetual spring that explorers had promised awaited them in the Pacific territory. The twenty-two-year-old John Bidwell, who had heard similar stories as a member of a Western Emigration Society in his Missouri town of Weston, helped organize the caravan and eventually became its secretary.
Father De Smet’s goal was to build a mission among the Flathead Indians in Montana, and his group was headed there. De Smet’s group depended entirely on a mountain man, Thomas Fitzpatrick, who had been a trapper in the Rockies and was the only member of the party familiar with the country.